Early viral and host transcriptome atlas of lytic nuclear DNA virus infection

A "lytic nuclear DNA virus infection" refers to a type of viral infection where a DNA virus enters a host cell, replicates in the nucleus, and eventually causes the lysis (destruction) of the cell. Here's a breakdown of the process:

• Infection: The virus attaches to the host cell and injects its DNA into it. For nuclear DNA viruses, this DNA is transported into the nucleus of the host cell.

• Replication and Transcription: Inside the nucleus, the viral DNA is replicated and transcribed using the host cell's machinery. This process leads to the production of viral proteins and the replication of the viral genome.

• Assembly: Newly formed viral genomes and structural proteins are assembled into new virus particles within the host cell.

• Lysis and Release: In the lytic cycle, once a significant number of new viruses have been produced, the host cell's membrane is disrupted (lysis), leading to the death of the cell and the release of the new viruses, which can then infect surrounding cells.

This lytic phase is contrasted with the lysogenic phase seen in some viruses, where the viral DNA integrates into the host genome and can remain dormant for a period before becoming active.

Lytic nuclear DNA viruses include many well-known pathogens such as the Herpesviruses (including Herpes Simplex Virus and Varicella-Zoster Virus), Adenoviruses, and some types of Papillomaviruses. These viruses are significant in medicine due to their roles in various diseases, ranging from mild conditions like colds and skin warts to more severe illnesses like certain cancers and encephalitis. Understanding the lytic cycle of these viruses is crucial for developing treatments and preventive measures against these viral infections.

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