EV (细胞外囊泡：生物学中的关键细胞间通讯调控者)

In biology, "EV" often stands for "extracellular vesicle." Extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound particles released by cells into the extracellular environment. They play essential roles in cell-to-cell communication, both within the same organism and between different organisms.

Extracellular vesicles can range in size from approximately 30 nm to 1 µm or more, and their contents include proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (such as DNA, mRNA, and microRNAs). These vesicles can be classified into various categories, such as exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, based on their biogenesis, size, and molecular composition.

EVs are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including immune responses, angiogenesis, cell differentiation, and cancer progression. They can transfer their contents from one cell to another, influencing the recipient cell's behavior and function. Given their importance in intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles have become a significant area of research in recent years, with potential applications in diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug delivery.

在生物学中，“EV”通常表示“细胞外囊泡”（extracellular vesicle）。细胞外囊泡是由细胞释放到细胞外环境的膜结构颗粒。它们在同一生物体内以及不同生物体之间的细胞间通讯中起着至关重要的作用。

细胞外囊泡的大小范围从约30纳米到1微米或更大，其内容包括蛋白质、脂质和核酸（如DNA、mRNA和microRNAs）。根据它们的生物生成途径、大小和分子组成，这些囊泡可以被分为不同的类别，例如外泌体（exosomes）、微囊泡（microvesicles）和凋亡小体（apoptotic bodies）。

EVs参与许多生理和病理过程，包括免疫应答、血管生成、细胞分化和癌症进展。它们可以将其内容从一个细胞传递到另一个细胞，影响受体细胞的行为和功能。鉴于它们在细胞间通信中的重要性，近年来细胞外囊泡已成为一个重要的研究领域，具有潜在的诊断、治疗和药物递送应用。

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